People of the Computer Age! 20th - 21st Century

1st, 2nd, 3rd Generation

 Robert Noyce 

Robert Noyce was the co-founder of Fairchild Semiconductor (1957) and Intel (1968). Along with Jack Kilby, he created the integrated circuit. He was also called the "Mayor of Silicon Valley," long before California had the name Silicon Valley. Robert Noyce was born on December 13, 1927. Noyce grew up in Grinnell, Iowa. He earned a bachelor of Arts in physics and mathematics from Grinnell College, and a Ph.D. in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

4th Generation

Michael Dell

Michael Dell is the founder and CEO of Dell Inc. (1984). Michael Dell was born on February 23, 1965, in Houston, Texas, he had a love and interest in computers. In college Dell, decided to sell PCs directly to the customers. Unlikely at the time, he wanted to eliminate the middleman and markups, so he saved up $1,000 and started building computers for people he knew in college. Sooner or later he had been receiving many orders, which proved that his business was booming. He later dropped out to focus on the business and gain a huge success not only for directly selling the PCs but also with excellent customer service.

WWW Generation

Sergey Brin

Sergey Brin is the co-founder of Google (1998) and president of Google's parent company Alphabet Inc. (2015). Sergey Brin was born on August 21, 1973, in Moscow, Russia. In his early life, Brin and his family emigrated to the U.s to escape Jewish prosecution in 1979. Brin enrolled in the University of Maryland and earned a degree in mathematics and computer science, he then entered Stanford University where he met Larry Page (co-founder of Google and CEO of Alaphabet Inc.). As a hobby and a research project, Sergey Brin, and Larry Page, created a search engine that listed web pages based on their popularity, which would be most useful. Then they decided to raise $1 million from family, friends, and other investors to launch the company, Google (based on the word "googol", 1 followed by 100 zeros, to be based on the many web pages of the internet).

Computer Generations Table!

Generation	Examples of Computer (Name)	Electronic Components	Years	Used for?	Size	Interesting fact about each
1	The Colossus	Vacuum Tubes	1940-1956	Vacuum tubes are used for radios, television, radar equipment, and telephones.	Took up a Room	Today some vacuum tubes are used for speakers, which audiophiles say that the audio quality is better than normal transistors.
2	The Manchester Transistor Computer	Transistors	1956-1963	Replaced vacuum tubes, allowing computers to be faster, smaller, power efficient and cheaper.	Took up a room but still less than a vacuum tube computer.	Transistors still used punched cards for input and printouts for outputs,
3	IBM 1311	Chips (Integrated Circuits)	1964-1971	Just like the transistors, the integrated circuits replaced them being much faster and efficient. Now they can store many data and can make more calculations.	Took up half a room.	Most integrated circuits have gold in them. Now as they are obsolete, some people extract gold out of the chip and sell them for money.
4	Sunway TaihuLight	Microprocessors (Computers on a chip)	1971-Present	Replacing the old integrated circuits, most computers only have one microprocessor which made them a lot more compact, faster, cheaper and efficient.	General computers took a small portion of a room. A supercomputer would take a whole room.	Microprocessors were made by many companies before. Now there are only two companies that take up most of the microprocessor market, Intel and AMD.
5.	Google Data Servers	Networking Parallel Computing Fibre Optics	Present - Future	Unlike a physical hardware state, computers are accessing the cloud for information, apps, communication, and many more.	Servers would take up a room, but computers accessing the cloud would take no space at all.	The cloud is mainly servers from around the world. Most servers still use microprocessors. But since this is just the beginning new technology are starting to be developed by engineers/scientists all around the globe.

History of Computers: Day 1!

1. There is no real answer to when the computer was first created. The word "computer" was first used in 1613, to describe a person who performed calculations. The first programmable computer was created by German Konrad Zuse, called Z1. It is considered to be the first electro-mechanical binary computer. The first commercial computer was made in 1942, by Konrad. It was called the Z4. There are different classifications of computers so they will be linked here.

2. The most important History pioneer is Tim Berners-Lee. Tim invented the World Wide Web (WWW), which we all use today. Without the World Wide Web, we would've not been able to connect to the cloud or collaborate and communicate with anyone around the web. 

3. The first video game was called Spacewar! The game was programmed by Steve Russel and published the game in February 1962. The game had two spaceships that were being pulled by a star. The objective of the game was to avoid the star and shoot missiles at the other ship. The game ran on the DEC PDP-1 computer.

4. The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee.

5. The computer mouse was created by Douglas Engelbart. He released his demo on December 9, 1968. You can find more on the video here.

6. The first programming language was called Plankalkül. It was developed by Konrad Zuse, used for the Z3 between 1943 and 1945.

7. The "Father" of computing was Charles Babbage. He created the Analytical Engine in 1837 and contained an Arithmetic Logic Unit (performs mathematical operations on binary numbers), basic flow control, punch cards, and integrated memory. It essentially was the first general-purpose computer.

The "Father" of the computer was Konrad Zuse. In 1936 to 1938 Konrad created the Z1 in his parent's living room. The Z1 had more than 30,000 metal parts and was considered to be the first electro-mechanical binary programmable computer.

The "Father" of the personal computer was Henry Edward Roberts. He came up with the idea of a "personal computer". When he released the Altair 8800 on December 19, 1974, he was considered to be the father of the modern personal computer. The "personal computer" was published n the front cover of Popular Electronics in 1975 became an overnight success. The computer was sold as a kit for $439 or assembled for $621 and had different add-ons. By 1975, over 5,000 Altair 8800 was sold.

8. Alan Turing was so important to Computing history because, during the second world war, Turing worked for the Government Code and Cypher School. He was responsible for 
 deciphering many German ciphers. He cracked many intercepted coded messages that enabled the Allies to defeat the Nazis. He created a machine (the Bombe) that help break the code of the Enigma machine that the Germans created.

Internet Archive and Collaboration!

Internet Archive

The Internet Archive is a website that saves the history of most web pages around the web. There are currently more than 279 million saved web pages. They also save numerous images, software, audio, text (books), and videos. The Internet Archive holds more than 10 petabytes of data. 


The Internet Archive organization made a backup archive in Canada because as technology continues to grow the risk of security is far greater. Making a backup in Canada will save the history of everything we've done in the past years. 

Collaboration

1. Collaboration - When you work with other people to achieve a common goal.
2.  People usually communicate when they are together in the same area talking and working with each other.
3.  This method will not work properly when a member of the group is not there with them.
4.  The benefit of collaboration on the net is that you can work with someone wherever you are (as long as you have the Internet). You also have access to the Internet so you can use different mediums if you want too.
5.  Three benefits of using Google Docs and Spreadsheet are: you can edit each other's work, you can work on it whenever you want, and  you can share ideas and comments.
6.  From Google A-Z there is an app called e-books. It’s an official Google Play store category, so instead of buying physical copies of books, you can keep many books on your phone/tablet.

How does Google search work?

Mostly everyone around the world uses Google today. Many know Google as the largest search engine, and we all take it for granted. But do we really know how it all works? For Google, there’s more than meets the eye.

As far as what many people know, Google is a software company mostly based on its search engine. But Google is far BIGGER than that. They also create hardware like phones, speakers, WiFi routers, VR headsets, creating renewable green energy, and they even have their own AI.

Apart from all that, let’s get a better understanding of Google’s search engine. After all, that’s how they started. When you search up a question, a person, or a thing, they are all being located on more than 100 trillion web pages. Google uses a software known as “spiders” that would “crawl” around the web to find pages and follow links to find even more pages. Once the “web crawlers” are done with all the pages, they all get thrown into an Index to be used later for the final product of the search items. Once you have searched an item it goes through Google’s algorithms. Google’s algorithms, use many factors to find your search. They make sure it’s relevant to the search item, the quality of the web page, how popular the page is (page rank), spelling if the website is safe and much more. Google uses over 200 factors, to find what you're looking for in a matter of seconds (1/8th of a second to be precise)! But don’t forget that Google is also hard at work fighting spam. This ranges from weird links to hacks that can harm your computer.

Google’s search engine is probably one of the best things, humanity has ever created. You can find any information you want in a matter of seconds. Now that we know most about how Google’s search engine works, we can better appreciate how we take Google’s hard work for granted.

- Anthony, Ali, Luis, Lawson and Romulo

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/10lRNyvwCSM3ym-9VPrmgnhTrpoxikjX5CG4EcxMxASg/edit?usp=sharing